Historical Tornadoes: Remembering the Worst of the Worst

Every year, scores of tornadoes roam the United States. Probably the better part of them have minimal to no human impact, but there are always a fair number that inflict damage, injury, and even death. Some hit a farm or two; others sweep through communities, tearing up homes. No matter how you cut it, they’re bad news, and the people affected by them will never forget the experience.

Once in a great while, though, a tornado comes along whose ferocity and the toll it inflicts on communities set it apart into the upper echelon–that rare one percent which comprise the absolute worst of the worst. There is a uniquely horrifying, haunting, and almost mythical quality about such extreme storms. The great grand-daddy of them all is, of course, the Great Tri-State Tornado of 1925. But there are others, usually known by the town they destroyed. Woodward, Oklahoma. Xenia, Ohio. Topeka, Kansas. Dunlap, Indiana. Moore, Oklahoma. Greensburg, Kansas. Plainfield, Illinois. Wichita Falls, Texas. Saint Louis, Missouri. Flint, Michigan. Worcester, Massachusetts. The list continues.

Many of these monsters, such as the Tri-State and Woodward tornadoes, have no photographic record of the actual storm. Lots of damage photos, but nothing that shows the actual funnel. Others, dating at least back into the early 1950s with the Worcester tornado, were captured on camera.

Many of these storms were a part of larger outbreaks, including such notorious, massive events as the 1974 Super Outbreak, the 1965 Palm Sunday Outbreak, and the 1999 Central Oklahoma Outbreak. Others, such as the Flint-Beecher tornado, occurred as the worst of a relative handful of tornadoes.

Regardless of its unique circumstances, each storm stands apart in terms of property damage, intensity, and either loss of life or, in some cases, a surprisingly low mortality rate given the circumstances. Most notably, the supercell that spawned the 1.7-mile-wide 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, tornado may have also generated the largest tornado ever recorded. Over four miles wide at cloud base, the radar-detected circulation may forever remain a subject of speculation as to whether its tornado-force winds actually reached the ground, but it seems reasonable to think that they could have.

I’ve had the good fortune to chase the historical Six State Supercell, and the exhilarating but disturbing experience of locking onto the tornado following the EF-5 that wiped out a third of Parkersburg, Iowa. But a truly historical tornado, in the league of Greensburg or Moore? Not yet. Hopefully never. I don”t want to witness that kind of carnage. It”s bound to happen from time to time. Thank goodness, such occurrences are uncommon. The part of me that is fascinated with tornadoes would like to score such a coup. But another part of me which recognizes what that implies hopes I never get the chance to see something so awful. I have friends whose lives were terribly impacted by just such an event. I can’t imagine going through something like that, or witnessing it in progress. Metaphorically, it’s one thing to film lions in the wild; it”s another to watch one maul a fellow human being.

A Winter of Contrasts

Yesterday I drove out to an area near the Coldwater River in extreme southeast Kent County and returned with the following photos among many.

Ice and Snow

Linear

I just showed you those shots because I felt like it. Also, though, to give you an idea of what a mixed bag this December is proving to be. While snow has been the rule up here in the frozen tundra of Michgan, the Gulf has been doing brisk business farther south. Pulling juicy dewpoints northwards and combining them with high helicities and good bulk shear, a low has been firing off severe thunderstorms and tornadoes across the Dixie Alley. In fact, Wednesday’s tally shows twenty-two tornadoes spread across Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama. Perhaps that figure will be modified, but I”m simply impressed with the fact that there were any tornadoes at all. Up here in the land of ice and snow, such phenomena seem like mere pipe dreams.

But who knows what this winter has in store for us. The last one held a few surprises. In Michigan, the surprise so far has been the massive amount of snow that has already been deposited on the landscape. It”s not a bad thing; the Great Lakes water levels can use another good, snowy winter of the kind we got last year, and as a new enthusiast of winter photography, I don’t mind so much if we get one. But I can still hardly wait for March, and the first rumblings of serious convection. Bring it on, I say. The sooner, the better.

Freezing Rain in Michigan, Big Storms in Texas

Freezing rain has been on the menu for this evening here in lower Michigan, but it looks to be transitioning to plain old rain as surface temperatures warm into the thirties. My friend Lisa and I were up in Stanton earlier, visiting the Beshadas, and I expected an icy drive home, but it didn”t turn out that way. Driving was fine. And now, seeing that rain is in the forecast rather than snow, I’ve had the pleasure of switching the reflectivity table on my radar from winter mode to rain mode. I take my joys where I can find them. This is a fleeting one, but kinda nice. Temps are forecast for the thirties into tomorrow, but drop back into the twenties by Wednesday.

Meanwhile, severe thunderstorms have been scooting across Texas and Oklahoma. A line of embedded supercells produced at least one tornado warning earlier. The storms now have transitioned to a couple small lines with bowing sections plus “scrap” storms, and overall things seem to be weakening.

Today has been an active weather day both north and south, and more appears to be in store for tomorrow. Gotta love this time of year!

2008 Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak

February 5 was a milestone in the 2008 presidential primaries, but politics got eclipsed by the day”s deadly weather. By now, the whole nation knows of the disaster that rumbled through the South on Super Tuesday. As my chase partner, Bill, and I sat in his Suburban in Corydon, Indiana, watching the line of storms along the cold front move in, we never suspected the magnitude of the tragedy playing out to our south. And the storms were far from over. They would continue through the night to our east, through Kentucky and Ohio.

As I write, the death toll from Tuesday”s outbreak stands at sixty, and the SPC (Storm Prediction Center) Storm Reports for February 5 shows a tally of 103 tornadoes. The stories and the photos in the news are heartbreaking. The looks on people”s faces…the shock, the grief, the unbelief…it”s hard to grasp the enormous human impact of this event. All of us find ourselves in circumstances at one time or another where loss strikes, and we ask ourselves, “Now what do I do?” But to survey the remains of your home scattered across acres of field and twisted through ragged treetops…to think of the loved one you”ve lost whose smile dances in your mind and whose voice still rings in your ears…I can”t begin to imagine what that is like.

And it”s only early February. Severe weather visitations aren”t uncommon in the South this time of year, in the region known as the Dixie Alley, but a disaster of this proportion is another thing altogether.

After Bill and I had checked into our hotel rooms in Corydon, a few miles west of Louisville, Kentucky, we grabbed a steak and brew at a nearby restaurant. At that point, the storms were still a ways off, but by the time we had finished eating, a light rain was falling and lightning flickered through the sky. We headed back to the hotel, with the idea of calling it a night and watching the weather play out on TV and on my laptop radar. But a glance at GR3 showed a developing supercell making a beeline for the area just east of us, so we decided to head back out and intercept it.

Due to problems connecting with the Internet in the car, I couldn”t access GR3 for a good fifteen minutes. As we drove blindly into the storm, with the wind and rain intensifying, I felt a mixture of concern and extreme irritation. I”m a fairly placid personality, and my feathers don”t ruffle all that easily, but difficulty with radar connection during a chase is one thing that can cause me to pop blood vessels in my eyeballs. Eventually, I got us hooked up with GR3, which revealed two things: 1) the storm had passed us, as we suspected; and 2) it would definitely have been worth pursuing, had we not been headed back west, had not the cell been moving at warp speed, and had not our road options been rotten. In the SPC storm reports, I could swear I read of a tornado incident in Milton, Kentucky, northeast of our intercept area. Looking again, I can”t find that record, but if a touchdown did in fact occur in that area, this was the storm that produced it.

With the main event seemingly over for the night, we headed back toward Corydon, and parked on a side road near our hotel to watch the squall line blow in. The line was not far from us–around ten miles, according to the radar, and closing in fast. A second, smaller line was also kicking up to our south along the outflow boundary, with a small, relatively isolated cell near its far end.

Embedded supercells pulsed northward up the main line, like corpuscles through an artery, triggering a medley of shear markers and tornado vortex signatures as the whole system translated rapidly in our direction. But that lone wolf cell was what had my interest. As it neared Brandenburg, thirty miles south of us, it began to show distinct signs of rotation. The National Weather Service in Louisville indicates that this small but vigorous supercell did in fact put down an EF-1 tornado in Brandenburg.

As Bill and I approached the Michigan state line the following evening, the snow began to fly. The back end of the weather system was chuffing out a truly nasty winter storm, and the center of the low, poised just above the southern tip of Lake Michigan near Chicago, was wrapping in a truckload of wet snow for our driving amusement.

I arrived home around 9:30, flipped on my computer, logged onto Stormtrack, and checked out the chase reports and discussions. That”s when the severity of the previous day”s event really began to unfold for me.

As obsessed with the power and beauty of severe weather as storm chasers are, we”re nevertheless like anyone else when it comes to human impact. We never want storms to affect lives, and we”re horrified when they do. The 2008 Super Tuesday outbreak is one of the worst in the nation”s history. And, as I have already mentioned, this year”s storm season is still months away from its normal zenith in May.

I hope the rest of the 2008 chase season will be a good one, not a bad one. Not a tragic one, with more ugly surprises.

May God”s grace and comfort attend those whose lives have been devastated by last Tuesday”s terrible storms.