Practicing Intervals for Jazz Improvisation

If you’re a budding jazz saxophonist, this post can make a huge difference in your playing. If you’re a seasoned player, you can probably skip it. Then again, you just might find it valuable, in the manner that hearing your mother’s voice in the back of your head asking you whether you’re eating your vegetables can be valuable.

Are you practicing your intervals?

They’re so good for you.

Oh, I know, you’d rather shove them aside and concentrate on the steak and potatoes of memorizing jazz licks and solo transcriptions. But if you want your instrumental technique to grow up big and strong, then don’t forget to sit down with your Larry Teal workbook, or whatever technique book you’re using, and invest some serious time memorizing and maintaining interval exercises along the chromatic scale. Seconds, thirds, fourths, all the way up to sevenths and even beyond…unless you plan to play nothing but scales in all your solos, all of the aforementioned are building blocks that you really need to get your arms around. So don’t ignore interval practice. Do it because you’ll acquire a greater command of your instrument, speed up your thinking, and enhance your creativity. Do it because your mother would want you to.

Increasing your dexterity is of course an important objective of interval exercises. But don’t make that your sole focus. As you practice, also think of application.

Let’s say, for instance, that you’re spending some time taking diads of a minor sixth up and down the chromatic scale. What are some practical uses of that interval that you’re likely to encounter?

For starters, you can use it to ascend from the third of a major triad to its root. Also, in an augmented triad, a minor sixth (or, enharmonically, an augmented fifth) is the distance both from the root to the raised fifth of the chord, and from the third to the root. With a V9, you can ascend from the root to the flatted thirteenth (aka flatted sixth) and resolve down a half-step to the fifth; or you can leap from the second to the flatted seventh.

And of course, the order of these upward leaps can be reversed. For instance, you can leap downward from the flat seventh to the second of the V9 chord, or from the root downward to the third.

The point is, while you’re practicing your intervals, exercise your mind along with your fingers by thinking of ways you’re actually going to apply all that fabulous technique you’re building. Engage your brain and ears as you’re doing the grunt work.

And with all that being said, sit down and git ‘er done. Practice, practice, practice. Make your mother proud.

Using Angularity in Jazz Improv

If you want to add interest and color to your jazz solos, anglify them. “Anglify” might not be a real word, but it ought to be, and it is now as far as this post is concerned. Word coinage is one of my prerogatives as a word wizard.

Anglify. It’s easy to get caught up in linear playing, weaving scales up and down like a stock market graph, but that approach will get old fast unless you mix it up with other melodic devices. Angularity is a good one. Wide interval leaps grab attention; they stand out like bold letters and exclamation points in a sentence.

Writing about angularity forces me to consider exactly what it is. If I were to define it, I’d say it’s the use of two or more consecutive interval leaps of more than a third in any direction. Fourths and fifths are commonly used in angular playing, but any large interval qualifies. The point is, you’re no longer playing notes in a straight line; you’re breaking up the melodic terrain into hills and valleys, moving out of the flatland and into the mountains.

Pentatonic scales are a rich source of fourths and fifths when you start doing interval exercises with them. You can also do exercises on fourths and fifths, or on any interval, using any scale or root movement.

Starting a line with an angular approach is a good way to say, “Listen to this!” Here’s a little diminished whole tone lick I’ve been woodshedding lately. It begins with a leap of an augmented fourth followed by a diminished fourth (aka a major third) up to the raised fifth of the D7 #5, #9 chord. (For ease of use, I’ve shown that note on the staff as Bb rather than A#.)

angular

Note how the arpeggio in the second half of bar two further breaks up the very linear, chromatic flow. The combination of linearity and angularity engages attention.

As always, take the above lick through all twelve keys. Try moving it through the circle of fifths to acquire facility in a lot of playing situations.